Agriculture and Engineering Interface to Cope Climate Change Effects in Nepal: A Review

Abstract

This paper analyzes present energy consumption by industrial sector within Kathmandu Valley. Initially, author has gone through intensive literature review and prepare questionnaire. Kathmandu Valley is considered as hub of economic sectors. There are large numbers of industries therefore Sample Distribution method is applied to select location. Out of 1,372 industries, 239 industries have been visited to collect data regarding various energy sources available, technologies used, manufactured final products etc. Collected data is compiled using MS-Excel. It was found that total energy consumption by manufacturing industries in Kathmandu Valley is 16.4 PJ. Diesel is the main energy sources which contribute about 37.21% of total energy consumption. The energy demand is projected from base year 2019 to 2050 using MAED energy model tool. The energy demand for manufacturing industries in Kathmandu Valley is estimated to grow from 16.4 PJ in 2021 to 50 PJ at low growth rate (3.95%), 116 PJ at medium growth rate (7%) and 524 PJ at high growth rate (12.7%). However, the demand of diesel and electricity will increase from 38% and 6% in base year to 60% and 14% respectively by 2050.GHG emission in 2021 was 1,249.6 thousand metric tons and it is expected to increase by 2050 at low growth, medium growth, and high growth is 3842.8 thousand metric tons, 8890 thousand metric tons, and 40,043 thousand metric tons respectively.