Journal of Himalaya College of Engineering

In the modern big data environment, a deep learning approach for intrusion detection was seen as more effective and efficient to counter known as well as unknown attacks. Much research has been conducted on intrusion detection systems using a deep learning approach, as well as a hybrid model of deep learning, and continues to be conducted to minimize the risk of intrusion. In this paper hybrid approach is used using variational autoencoders and DenseNet convolutional neural networks to model an intrusion detection system. An experiment is performed using the NSL-KDD dataset to calculate the performance metrics of the model, which contains four types of attacks: probe attack, DoS attack, user-to-root attack, and remote to local attack. The result obtained is compared with the results of other related works. The result obtained from the experiment is quite satisfactory as well, and in comparison with other related works, the model seems comparatively efficient. An intrusion detection system using a VAE-DCNN hybrid model can detect malicious activities very efficiently and correctly, as the performance metric of this model is quite good. The possibility of a false alarm will be reduced using this hybrid model, as the false alarm rate is low.

Keywords: Intrusion Detection System; Deep Learning; Variational Autoencoders; DenseNet Convolutional Neural Network; VAE-DCNN; NSL-KDD

In electronics education, students frequently encounter difficulties bridging theoretical concepts from textbooks to practical applications, exacerbated by limitations in traditional lectures, static simulations, and resource-intensive physical labs (Bravo et al., 2021). This study introduces an Augmented Reality (AR) Circuit Simulator designed to enhance interactive learning by overlaying 3D virtual components onto real-world environments via mobile devices. The methodology integrates Unity 3D for AR rendering with ARCore for camera-based tracking, and Roboflow for detecting hand-drawn circuit elements. Users can manually place and connect components like batteries and resistors or import sketches, enabling real-time simulation of DC circuits using algorithms based on Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws. Quantitative evaluation of the prototype demonstrated 99% accuracy in simulating basic configurations, such as a 5V battery with a 100Ω resistor yielding 0.05A current, and series-parallel networks. Image recognition achieved 54.3% precision, identifying components reliably in clean sketches but requiring dataset expansion for robustness. This tool supports five core components (battery, resistor, wire, multimeter, nodes) and visualizes current flow through particle animations, outperforming conventional 2D tools in engagement by providing tangible, immediate feedback. The system promotes deeper conceptual understanding, particularly for visual learners, and paves the way for expansions to AC components and user progress tracking.

Keywords: Augmented Reality; Circuit Simulation; Unity 3D; ARCore; Image Detection; Electronics Education; Interactive Learning

The growth of e-commerce has led to rise in user-generated reviews, many of which in Nepal are written in Romanized Nepali a non-standard form with inconsistent spelling, grammar and code-switching with English. These irregularities challenge traditional sentiment analysis methods. This study presents NEPTUN(NEpali Phonetic Translation-Based Unified Normalization), a novel module for normalizing Romanized Nepali, NEPTUN uses phonetic transliteration to map Romanized words to Devnagari, verifies them via a Nepali dictionary, and then back-transliterates them into standardized Romanized forms. It also applies frequency-based filtering to retain common variants, improving consistency. While similar techniques exist for Romanized Hindi and Urdu, NEPTUN is the first tailored to Romanized Nepali. Its effectiveness was tested using various sentiment classifiers- Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, and BERT. NEPTUN-enhanced preprocessing improved model accuracy, with BERT achieving the highest at 87.56%. These results emphasize the need for domain-specific preprocessing in low-resource language like Nepali.

Keywords: Romanize Nepali; Phonetic Normalization; Sentiment Analysis; NEPTUN; Text preprocessing

Solid waste disposal is a major challenge faced by communities across the world. Unplanned and unscientific way of dumping is leading to adverse effect in the environment and health factors. This study is carried out in Madhyabindu Municipality, located in Nawalparasi-East, Nepal where the one and only dumping site in Arunkhola river creating the urgency for a sustainable solution to reduce landfill dependency in a long term. An integrated approach combining Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP); Geographic Information System (GIS); and Material Recovery Facility (MRF) were employed. Seven criteria namely: Slope; Elevation; Land use; Land cover; Proximity to rivers; Forest; Roads; and Built-up areas were analyzed for ranking the criteria using FAHP. The study showed that an average waste generation rate at base year 2023 is 0.303kg/capita/day of which 61% is organic waste. By using weighted overlay suitability method in MRF only 0.9% of the total land area is found suitable and only 0.001% is highly suitable area for disposal. The way of using integrated approach to identify suitable site for waste disposal problems is highly useful to other sites also where similar condition exist.

Keywords: Solid waste Management; FAHP; GIS; Landfill Site Selection; MRF

In this study, we examine how the integration of market sentiment with traditional financial indicators can improve the accuracy of stock price forecasts in Nepal’s small-cap equity market. With the NEPSE Index as our point of focus, we examined market trends from July 2024 to January 2025, with Nepal Finance Limited as a prominent case. To measure investors’ sentiment, we applied natural language processing to diverse local data sources, including the financial news from Sharesansar, Floorsheet insights from Merolagani, and street-level views from the r/nepalstock community at Reddit. Those sentiment drivers were then combined with conventional technical drivers in a two-model forecasting model with a combination of LSTM neural networks and XGBoost. The findings are substantial: sentiment models outperformed technical analysis-only models in all tests, lowering Mean Squared Error by 17.3% and doing much better on directional forecasting. Amongst all inputs, previous-day stock prices and movement of the NEPSE index were the most significant predictors, whilst sentiment inputs provided a rich source of leading data. By illustrating the efficacy of alternative data in a frontier market environment, this study presents both scholarly timeliness and pragmatic insight for Nepali investors pursuing an advantage within the country’s emerging capital markets.

Keywords: Natural language processing; LSTM; XGBoost; NEPSE

A GPS-Integrated Fitness Tracking System with Exercise Classification and Personalized Health Recommendations is a mobile app for increasing fitness through real-time activity tracking, exercise classification, and personalized health recommendations. Using GPS, it monitors walking and running, calculates distance and calories burned. Machine learning model, leveraging the device’s camera, classify exercises (e.g., push-ups, squats) in real-time, also it counts the exercises with the algorithm analyzing calories burns providing immediate feedback. Also, with the data synchronization, with notifications delivering a daily health reminder. Addressing limitations of existing apps such as limited real-time classification and generic guidance this system integrates tracking, machine learning, and dynamic recommendations to promote sustained engagement and healthier lifestyles.

Keywords: GPS tracking; fitness app; exercise classification; machine learning; real-time tracking

The research explores the spatial layout of theaters in Kathmandu and Pokhara valley, centering on the needs and preferences of users—both performers and audiences. It examines how theater spaces interact with actors’ needs and audience expectations, employing a mixed method approach that combines literature review, surveys, and on-site observations. By analyzing existing challenges and opportunities, the research offers insights into designing theaters that respond directly to user requirements, enhancing performance quality, comfort, and engagement. The findings contribute to the enrichment of the two cities’ theatrical landscape by guiding the creation of user-centric spaces that foster creativity and artistic expression.

Keywords: Theater layouts; Performance spaces; Theater design; Actors; User-preference

Despite Nepal’s cryptocurrency ban, blockchain technology has considerable potential for improving transparency, security, and traceability in the country’s supply chain systems. This study demonstrates the viability of applying a blockchain-based framework in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry to increase product authenticity and prevent counterfeiting. By giving unique digital identifiers to products, the technology enables verification at each level of the supply chain via an immutable decentralized ledger. Implemented and tested on the Ethereum Sepolia testnet, the prototype achieved 96% traceability accuracy and decreased transaction latency to 7 seconds, demonstrating blockchain’s practical usability within Nepal’s legislative limits. The findings confirm that blockchain may run securely and efficiently without relying on cryptocurrencies, providing a foundation for future study, infrastructure development, and regulatory adaption.

Keywords: Authenticity; Blockchain technology; Feasibility; Supply-chain and Unsafe products

The study refines an abstract Nepali news summarization system using natural language processing (NLP). The powerful multilingual T5 (mT5) model was fine-tuned in the collected data set. Pre-processing steps, including tokenization, punctuation removal, and special character removal, were applied to enhance performance. Using supervised learning, the model was trained to reduce overfitting. Evaluation was conducted using the ROUGE metric to assess the quality of the generated summaries. The extensive text is then provided to users in the form of concise and meaningful summaries, preserving the core meaning of the original content. The news articles were also extracted using an API, and the summaries are displayed accordingly. This paper highlights the transformer- based model for low-resource languages like Nepali. Moving forward, the plan is to secure more powerful computational resources and improve the scalability of the generated summaries.

Keywords: Abstractive– Low-Resource Language– mT5– NLP– Transformer

This study presents the Digital Financial Advisor, a webbased application designed to provide personalized invest recommendations by analyzing user specific financial factors such as age, financial knowledge, risk tolerance, investment time horizon, and financial goals. The nsystem uses the Random Forest Regressor algorithm as the core methodology to generate optimal portfolio allocations across diverse asset classes like stocks, fixed deposits, SIPs, bonds, and commodities. The platform features interactive pie chart that makes the investment strategies easier to understand. Initial testing demonstrated system responsiveness and effective port- folio distribution. In conclusion, the system bridges the gap between expert financial advice and everyday users. Future enhancements include integrating real-time financial data for dynamic recommendations and expanding feature sets to incorporate additional financial factors, ensuring more comprehensive and accurate investment guidance.

Keywords: Digital Financial Advisor; Investment Recommendations; Financial Factors; Random Forest Regressor; Portfolio Allocation; Asset Classes

Nepal, a developing and landlocked country with diverse geography and challenging terrain, relies heavily on infrastructure development to enhance regional connectivity and stimulate economic growth. However, government-led construction projects often suffer from systemic inefficiencies rooted in political instability, poor governance and bureaucratic hurdles. Frequent changes in government disrupt policy continuity and delay crucial decision-making processes, resulting in stalled project approvals and implementation gaps. Political interference in project selection, contract awarding and staffing contributes to favoritism and reduces accountability. Additionally, excessive bureaucratic procedures and weak institutional coordination lead to significant time delays, cost overruns and compromised construction quality. These challenges not only waste public resources but also hinder access to essential infrastructure, slowing down national development. This paper critically examines these effects and highlights the urgent need for policy reform, improved institutional capacity, and political stability to ensure successful infrastructure delivery in Nepal.

Keywords: Systemic inefficiencies; Cost Overruns; Political Risk; Project Performance; Public Construction Projects and Institutional Weakness

This research documents traditional copper smithing practices in Patan, Nepal, focusing on the methods, techniques, and spatial requirements of this craft. Traditional metal crafting is an essential facet of Nepal’s cultural heritage, as exemplified by the ornate Hindu and Buddhist temples and intricate metalwork found in the country. The study emphasizes the repousse technique, which involves shaping thin sheets of metals such as copper, silver, and gold into intricate relief patterns using hammering and specialized techniques. Through comparative documentation of a residential-scale workshop and an industrial-scale facility in Patan, this research examines spatial arrangements, environmental conditions, and safety provisions. While general building codes and occupational health standards exist in Nepal, these do not provide specific guidelines for traditional craft workshops. The study explores the occupational challenges faced by craftsmen working in workshop spaces that have evolved organically within existing structures. This research has certain limitations as it focuses exclusively on coppersmiths workshops using the repousse technique, and concentrates on spatial requirements rather than broader socioeconomic and cultural factors. Nevertheless, this study establishes foundational spatial documentation that can inform future development of appropriate guidelines for traditional metal craft workshop design.

Keywords: Copper smithing; Repousse Technique; Spatial Requirements; Traditional Technology; Exploratory Study; Workspace Architecture

This study develops a machine learning (ML)-based framework to assess and mitigate household carbon emissions in Nepal, leveraging a stacking ensemble model (Random Forest + Gradient Boosting meta regressor) that achieves high predictive accuracy (MSE: 112.17, R²: 0.98). By analyzing data from 4,000 households across energy use, transportation, waste, and dietary habits—collected via a structured Google Forms survey and processed using feature selection and Z-score normalization—the system provides personalized carbon footprints and reduction strategies, validated against IPCC benchmarks. The web-based FastAPI-React tool identifies high-impact factors (e.g., LPG consumption, bottled water usage, rainwater harvesting) and effective mitigation measures (e.g., solar adoption), offering actionable insights for households and policymakers to support Nepal’s climate goals. This work advances scalable, context-aware ML solutions for sustainability in developing regions.

Keywords: Machine learning; Carbon footprint; Stacking ensemble; Household emissions; Climate mitigation

The world's data collecting is growing and expanding. The infrastructure must be able to hold a large amount of data, which is becoming more crucial every day. Distributed File Systems could be used to accomplish this. For processing, storing, and analyzing massive amounts of unstructured data, the Distributed File System (DFS) is utilized. Google File System (GFS) and Hadoop Distributed File System are the most popular file systems (HDFS). We give a review of distributed file system design in this work. Scalability, availability, compatibility, extensibility, autonomy, and other factors are considered while comparing file systems.

Keywords: Distributed File System; Big Data; Design of DFS; Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS); Google File System (GFS); Review of DFS

E-government is a means for governments to use the most innovative information communication technologies (ICTs) through electronic network with more convenient access to government information and services. ICTs develop public participation by facilitating citizens to interact better with each other. The government services are made available to the citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner through e-governance. The objective of this study is to present how public participation is significant to enhance quality government services in developing countries such as Nepal. A conceptual framework was developed based on extensive literature review. The theoretical foundations proposed in this study are policy network theory and theory of intrinsic motivation. The key benefits of e-governance include efficiency, improved services, better accessibility of public services, and transparency. The result of ethical implementation of e-governance is creation of good governance. The E-governance requires a considerable increase in regulation and policy making abilities, with all the expertise and opinion-shaping processes.

Keywords: E-governance; e-government; public participation; challenging issues; ethics

This paper analyzes present energy consumption by industrial sector within Kathmandu Valley. Initially, author has gone through intensive literature review and prepare questionnaire. Kathmandu Valley is considered as hub of economic sectors. There are large numbers of industries therefore Sample Distribution method is applied to select location. Out of 1,372 industries, 239 industries have been visited to collect data regarding various energy sources available, technologies used, manufactured final products etc. Collected data is compiled using MS-Excel. It was found that total energy consumption by manufacturing industries in Kathmandu Valley is 16.4 PJ. Diesel is the main energy sources which contribute about 37.21% of total energy consumption. The energy demand is projected from base year 2019 to 2050 using MAED energy model tool. The energy demand for manufacturing industries in Kathmandu Valley is estimated to grow from 16.4 PJ in 2021 to 50 PJ at low growth rate (3.95%), 116 PJ at medium growth rate (7%) and 524 PJ at high growth rate (12.7%). However, the demand of diesel and electricity will increase from 38% and 6% in base year to 60% and 14% respectively by 2050.GHG emission in 2021 was 1,249.6 thousand metric tons and it is expected to increase by 2050 at low growth, medium growth, and high growth is 3842.8 thousand metric tons, 8890 thousand metric tons, and 40,043 thousand metric tons respectively.

Keywords: Agriculture; climate change; engineering; smart farming; sustainable agriculture

Food security in Nepal has been a challenge due to low productivity of agricultural crops. Access to fertilizer has been the bottleneck for increasing productivity in Nepalese agriculture. The ever increasing price for fertilizer and unreliable supply will put further pressure on Nepalese agriculture in the future. Therefore, an alternative fertilizer plan based on recovering fertilizer products from various agricultural and municipal organic wastes has been explored. Developing fertilizer products from a wide range of organic wastes has been a topic of interest world-wide, and recently there has been major progress on new methods of organic recycling. For example, Biotech Ltd has patented an aerobic thermophilic digestor technology that is in use for the rapid composting of various organic wastes with high fertilizer value. Rapid digestion of varied organic wastes, including poultry wastes, and their codigestion with other organic wastes (e.g., food, sludge, green waste) were evaluated to produce a wide range of composted products that can be further composted or to produce dry organic pallets, granules or to develop custom blends of fertilizer in an organo-mineral mix as a complete fertilizer suitable in different cropping industries. Palletization and dry organo-mineral fertilizer products have longer storage, are cost effective to transport and in land application. Innovation and practice change in the production of organo-mineral fertilizers complemented with best practice management in crop production, are expected to result in transformational gain of agriculture productivity and profitability in Nepal.

Keywords: Fertilizer; plant nutrients; sustainable agriculture; organic waste

Sudoku is logic-based puzzle and quite a popular game. The 9 by 9 square grid Sudoku puzzle is the one that we have taken into an account. For solving sudoku puzzle, we have used image processing along with genetic algorithm. In the first phase, the raw and unsolved image is first gray scaled and then Gaussian blur is applied to reduce noise. Then it goes through a main frame extraction stage where adaptive thresholding, maximum contour detection, perspective transformation and small grid segmentation are performed respectively. The individual 81 grids are passed to the CNN model for digit recognition. Then finally, genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of Sudoku problem.

Keywords: Gaussian; Genetic; Adaptive thresholding

This study analyses the biogas for clean energy consumption and GHG emission reduction in two ecological regions - Hill and Terai – of Nepal. Biogas is methane-rich gas mostly used for cooking in rural households in Nepal. Biogas is interrelated with energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The unsustainable use of emission-intensive biomass cooking fuel and other commercial fuels are the major sources of GHG emissions. If biogas is produced and used to its full capacity, it can replace other cooking fuels in the household. The main objective of this study was to observe the existing production and use status of biogas to explore the new pattern of energy consumption and associated GHG emission reduction. This research was carried out in Chitwan and Lamjung districts, representing both Terai and Hill regions of Nepal. Biogas household survey, key informant interview, and direct field observations were used for data collection, while Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Volumetric Methane Prediction (VMP), and Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning System (LEAP) Energy Environment Modal were used for data analysis. The result showed that if the biogas completely replaces other cooking fuels, it reduces energy consumption by 40% and GHG emission up to 19 tCO2e per year. It is mostly from saving on fuelwood burning, by 31.8 GJ/household in the Chitwan/Terai and 19.3 GJ/household in Lamjung/Hill from 2012-2040 compared with a non-biogas household.

Keywords: Biogas; energy consumption; SPSS; VMP; LEAP; GHG emission reduction

In Nepal, the level of building code implementation is different in different municipalities and each municipality has a different building permit process. No research is done about the effectiveness of the building permit approval system in the local authority in Nepal. The study was conducted to review the effectiveness of the building permit approval system in Kirtipur Municipality. The research presents and discusses the findings from one of the methods used to measure effectiveness of the system. Fifty (50) questionnaires have been made to the house owner or the Principal Submitting Person (PSP) of the private building registered on FY 2076/77 or later. Four problems were identified from literature review relevant for Kirtipur Municipality and two problems were identified from group discussion with the house owners of ward number nine of Kirtipur Municipality. Most of the respondents felt that ineffectiveness of the building plan approval process was due to lack of transparency, information gap regarding Building permit process and delay to send notice by the ward. The causes of lack of transparency were found to be deficiency of complaint mechanism, discrepancy of the basis of designer, step of floor plan approval is not disclosed and delay in decision. The causes of the problem with the information gap regarding building permit process were building permit procedures not accessible via phone, responsible officials are not friendly to give information and building permit procedures not accessible via website. The problem of delay to send notice by the ward was delay to make site visits by the ward engineer, delay to send report by the ward engineer and due to reshuffling of engineers in ward offices.

Keywords: Building permit; local authority; transparency; complain mechanism; information gap

The functionality and sustainability of the water supply project is a major challenge in development in rural areas of Nepal. This study primarily focuses on water supply projects built around Dordi Rural Municipality and Sundarbazar Municipality of Lamjung district. A total of 250 water projects were studied. Data was extracted from NWASH-MIS. This research commences by analyzing various components to calculate the functionality score and assess the maintenance needs of key structures of each project. With these two derivations, the relation between these two metrics is studied. It is elaborated through different charts to effectively derive a conclusive dependency between these two components. It was found that the repair condition of an intake is not related to the functionality of a water supply scheme and there is a negative linear relation between functionality with the condition of Reservoir Tank and Collection Chamber in the scheme. Using the Inferential Statistical Analysis approach such as Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test, we were able to determine if there were a significant correlation between Institutional Capacity with the Functionality Score of schemes under study. There is a strong positive relationship between management practices and functionality (ρ = 0.76, p<0.00). The mathematical relationship between them in low-risk zone of functionality is shown through the simple linear regression model. Result shows that the scheme with lower population (less than 100) are in the higher risk of functionality. Lastly, we found that there is a moderate positive relationship between functionality and the provision of remuneration for Village Maintenance Worker in the committee (ρ = 0.57, p-value = 9.5e-24<0.05).

Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; water supply services; functionality; national WASH MIS

Because of technological advancement and declining costs of the technologies, solar photovoltaic (PV) based mini-grids in the recent days are gaining popularity as a means to provide electricity to off-grid communities especially in the developing countries. Nepal has been implementing solar mini-grid projects to non-electrified rural areas to achieve the target of electricity for all by 2023. The scope of implementation and sustainable operation of such mini-grid projects in rural area is interdisciplinary in nature. This paper presents technical, social, financial aspects along with key issues of 100kWp solar mini-grid project in one of the rural villages of Nepal. The insights from the paper can support to design solar mini-grid program for sustainable electricity supply in remote areas.

Keywords: Solar Mini-grid; Energy Storage System; Real Time Monitoring; Sustainability

This paper analyzes present energy consumption by industrial sector within Kathmandu Valley. Initially, author has gone through intensive literature review and prepare questionnaire. Kathmandu Valley is considered as hub of economic sectors. There are large numbers of industries therefore Sample Distribution method is applied to select location. Out of 1,372 industries, 239 industries have been visited to collect data regarding various energy sources available, technologies used, manufactured final products etc. Collected data is compiled using MS-Excel. It was found that total energy consumption by manufacturing industries in Kathmandu Valley is 16.4 PJ. Diesel is the main energy sources which contribute about 37.21% of total energy consumption. The energy demand is projected from base year 2019 to 2050 using MAED energy model tool. The energy demand for manufacturing industries in Kathmandu Valley is estimated to grow from 16.4 PJ in 2021 to 50 PJ at low growth rate (3.95%), 116 PJ at medium growth rate (7%) and 524 PJ at high growth rate (12.7%). However, the demand of diesel and electricity will increase from 38% and 6% in base year to 60% and 14% respectively by 2050.GHG emission in 2021 was 1,249.6 thousand metric tons and it is expected to increase by 2050 at low growth, medium growth, and high growth is 3842.8 thousand metric tons, 8890 thousand metric tons, and 40,043 thousand metric tons respectively.

Keywords: Energy Consumption; Industrial sector; Energy Scenario Development; GHG Emission

An online teaching learning system is a digital-based technology for virtual classes by using computer type appliances. Digital-based Audio-Visual (A-V) aid is considered an effective tool for online teaching learning system as it stimulates, motivates, and focuses learners’ attention during the Keywords instructional process. This research explored the opinions and experiences of both teachers and students on the effective use of A-V aids in online teaching learning classes, based on their online teaching learning practices, in an Academic Institution in Nepal from June to December 2020. Google survey forms (Online) were made available to all the teachers and students from different programs/faculties at Himalaya College of Engineering, affiliated to Tribhuvan University, Nepal. The collected data from the survey were analyzed by using basic statistical tools and the data was presented the results graphically. The study showed that the majority of the teachers and students have positive perceptions on their impact of using A- V aids, however, the range of agreement was varied based on different course contents, faculties and perceptions of the respondents.

Keywords: Online classes; audio-visual aids; level of agreement; quality education delivery

In this research comparative study of rectangular and trapezoidal sections of post tensioned box girder for same width, depth and loading conditions is done. For this research, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of two-lane Box Girder Bridge made up of prestressed concrete has been developed using commercially available software CSiBridge v23.3.1. Three dimensional 4-noded shell elements have been employed for discretization of domain and to analyze the complex behavior box girders. The linear analysis has been carried out for moving load with maximum eccentricity at mid span. Also. the study intends to present the parametric study for deflections, longitudinal bending moment, shear force, consumption of concrete and stiffness for these cross-sections. And draw fragility curve to identify the probability of exceedance for the defined damage state conditions.

Keywords: Concrete box girder; push over analysis; time history analysis; fragility analysis

This research aims for the assessment of the influence of cement and epoxy resin on the stabilization of silty soil. Cement is used as a primary binder and epoxy as an admixture to stabilize the soil by increasing its compressive strength. Disturbed soil samples near the bank of Bagmati river, Chyasal were sampled through excavation. Laboratory tests show that the soil is silt with low plasticity. A Standard Proctor test is done to determine the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) is done so that the quantity of cement and epoxy required for mixing with the dry soil can be calculated. Cement of proportions (5%,10%,15%) by total weight of dry soil have been used as a primary binder and epoxy resin of proportions (1.25%,2.5%,5%) by total weight of soil as an admixture to prepare soil samples for stabilization for a curing period of 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days and the unconfined compressive strength of those samples were determined accordingly. In this paper, the unconfined compressive strength of soil before and after stabilization have been compared. In this research, it is seen that the compressive strength of the stabilized soil drastically improves with the increase in proportions of combination of both cement and epoxy resin. Also, the research shows that the compressive strength increases with increase in curing period.

Keywords: Stabilization; Cement; Epoxy Resin; UCS test